The Internet protocol suite is the set of communications protocols that implement the protocol stack on which the Internet and most commercial networks run. It is sometimes called the TCP/IP protocol suite, after the two most important protocols in it: the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP), which were also the first two defined.
The Internet protocol suite — like many protocol suites — can be viewed as a set of layers, each layer solves a set of problems involving the transmission of data, and provides a well-defined service to the upper layer protocols based on using services from some lower layers. Upper layers are logically closer to the user and deal with more abstract data, relying on lower layer protocols to translate data into forms that can eventually be physically transmitted. The original TCP/IP reference model consisted of four layers, but has evolved into a five layer model.
The OSI model describes a fixed, seven layer stack for networking protocols. Comparisons between the OSI model and TCP/IP can give further insight into the significance of the components of the IP suite, but can also cause confusion, since the definition of the layers are slightly different.
Internet protocol suite | |
| Layer | Protocols |
| 5. Application | DNS, TLS/SSL, TFTP, FTP, HTTP, IMAP4, IRC, POP3, SIP, SMTP, SNMP, SSH, TELNET, RTP, … |
| 4. Transport | |
| 3. Network | |
| 2. Data link | Ethernet, Wi-Fi, PPP, FDDI, ATM, Frame Relay, GPRS, Bluetooth, … |
| 1. Physical | Modems, ISDN, SONET/SDH, RS232, USB, Ethernet physical layer, Wi-Fi, GSM, Bluetooth, … |
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